Freedom of Religion: Legal Protections and Contemporary Challenges

Abstract

The protection of refugee rights under international law has evolved significantly, shaped by historical conflicts, political changes, and humanitarian needs. This study examines key legal frameworks governing refugee rights, including the 1951 Refugee Convention and related human rights instruments. It explores the principle of non-refoulement as a cornerstone of refugee protection and highlights the challenges in implementing refugee rights due to political resistance, resource constraints, and public perception. The study also analyzes contemporary trends in refugee law and policy, focusing on restrictive asylum measures, border control policies, and the growing securitization of refugee issues. Additionally, the role of regional and international legal instruments in addressing refugee crises is assessed. The findings suggest that while international legal protections exist, their enforcement remains inconsistent due to political and societal factors. A more coordinated global approach, supported by legal reforms and stronger enforcement mechanisms, is necessary to uphold refugee rights effectively. Future research should explore the impact of emerging policies on refugee protection, including the role of digital technologies in asylum processing and humanitarian assistance.

Keywords: Refugee rights, International law, Non-refoulement, Asylum policies, Human rights, Border security, Legal frameworks